cDNA fragmentation was performed on the Bioruptor sonication device (Diagenode) with 18 cycles of 30 s on and 30 s off at low intensity.

e, A UCSC browser snapshot showing small RNAs and longer transcripts in Mov10l1 +/+ and Mov10l1 –/– testes at the Kif5c-Lypd6b locus. We studied the passage of radioactively labeled ultrafine particles after their intratracheal instillation. With a background in International and European law and many years of experience in corporate disputes, Jorian is uniquely positioned to help businesses navigate human rights, biodiversity and climate change risks in operations across the developing world. Next, RPMs were normalized to the length of windows without counting gaps in assembly (N nucleotides) into RPKM values. RNA-seq libraries were sequenced by 75-nucleotide single-end reading using the Illumina NextSeq500/550 platform or 100-nucleotide single-end reading using NovaSeq6000 platform.

Values were calculated as RPM mean values from two RNA-seq libraries (Supplementary Table 10) from each time point and genotype. Notably, MYSERV and IAP-derived piRNAs were also the most abundant piRNAs targeting autonomous transposable elements (Fig. Heterozygotes were fertile and segregation of genotypes did not deviate significantly from the Mendelian ratio but homozygotes of both sexes were sterile (Supplementary Table 4).

Publisher’s note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. In particular, authors or members of the community will be able to indicate works in their profile that do not belong there and merge others that do belong but are currently missing. The spindle length, spindle volume (tubulin staining signal) and metaphase plate volume (DAPI signal) of MII eggs (isolated 17 h after hCG injection) were quantified using three-dimensional spindle reconstruction from confocal optical sections.Cimmino G, Natale F, Alfieri R, Cante L, Covino S, Franzese R, Limatola M, Marotta L, Molinari R, Mollo N, Loffredo FS, Golino P. An analysis of intact L1 and IAP transcripts suggested respective approximate increases of 56% and 48% in their abundance (Fig. Downloads (6 weeks) = The cumulative number of times all works by this author have been downloaded from an ACM full-text article server over the last 6-week period for which statistics are available. Mice ( Mus musculus), the leading mammalian model for the piRNA pathway, use three PIWI proteins—PIWIL1, PIWIL2 and PIWIL4 (also known as MIWI, MILI and MIWI2, respectively).