Bonni, A. et al. Cell survival promoted by the Ras–MAPK signaling pathway by transcription-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Science 286, 1358–1362 (1999). All other MSK programs that I know of are reactive in nature. When an individual is feeling pain or has had an obvious injury like a sprain, strain, slip/fall, etc. than the program starts to resolve the symptoms they are experiencing. This is usually focused on pain; however, can also include limitations in range of motion (mobility) and a reduction in strength. Those are the direct symptoms of an MSK and there are many more indirect symptoms that include depression, anxiety, fear, and of course a loss of productivity (presenteeism and absenteeism). That is why we use what we affectionately refer to as the “blood test” of mobility health with our patented Computer-Aided MSK Assessment (CAMA) system. This system is marker-less (meaning there are no sensors to attach to your body) and takes less than ten minutes to produce a mountain of OBJECTIVE data on your employee’s mobility health by looking at every joint in every motion they perform and analyzing their dynamic posture (as opposed to static posture when not moving) throughout. The system analyzes the range of motion health of each joint based on what the American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons (AAOS) has determined as ideal based on age, weight, height, and gender. Range of motion limitations are the first indicator of an issue that will produce pain. Our brains are wired to protect our joints from further insult to tissues and injury and the first defense mechanism is to limit your ability to move or use that joint. These limitations might be slight and have been something that came on slowly and worsened over a long period of time making us unaware of the limitation. Carbone, E.J.; Rajpura, K.; Allen, B.N.; Cheng, E.; Ulery, B.D.; Lo, K.W.H. Osteotropic nanoscale drug delivery systems based on small molecule bone-targeting moieties. Nanomedicine 2017, 13, 37–47. [ Google Scholar] [ CrossRef]

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Zhao, Y., Bjorbaek, C., Weremowicz, S., Morton, C. C. & Moller, D. E. RSK3 encodes a novel pp90rsk isoform with a unique N-terminal sequence: growth factor-stimulated kinase function and nuclear translocation. Mol. Cell. Biol. 15, 4353–4363 (1995).

Murphy, L. O., Smith, S., Chen, R. H., Fingar, D. C. & Blenis, J. Molecular interpretation of ERK signal duration by immediate early gene products. Nature Cell Biol. 4, 556–564 (2002). Sapkota, G. P. et al. BI-D1870 is a specific inhibitor of the p90 RSK (ribosomal S6 kinase) isoforms in vitro and in vivo. Biochem. J. 401, 29–38 (2007). Kou, L.; Sun, R.; Ganapathy, V.; Yao, Q.; Chen, R. Recent advances in drug delivery via the organic cation/carnitine transporter 2 (OCTN2/SLC22A5). Expert. Opin. Ther. Targets 2018, 22, 715–726. [ Google Scholar] [ CrossRef] [ PubMed]And here are the really important ones to consider…people with an MSK condition are in pain, are much less happy, and less productive Over the course of our study, we were able find descriptions of physical appearance in about a quarter of our cases. Seven were reported to be attractive, with one killer being described as looking like actor Elizabeth Taylor, who was considered very beautiful. Ten were reported to have average looks. Five FSKs were noted to be overweight, and three were described as unattractive, through the use of such terms as “remarkably ugly” and “not particularly attractive.” Taken from this, we can extrapolate that most FSKs have been deemed to be of at least average attractiveness. That said, the halo effect described in Chapter 1, in addition to societal disbelief that women are capable of such gruesome crimes, might aid women who have committed crimes over time in evading suspicion.

MSKs are responsible for 360 million lost workdays, or 2.9 per employee, annually in the U.S. ( S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)) Shahbazian, D. et al. The mTOR/PI3K and MAPK pathways converge on eIF4B to control its phosphorylation and activity. EMBO J. 25, 2781–2791 (2006). Yi, H.; Sun, T.; Armstrong, D.; Borneman, S.; Yang, C.; Austin, S.; Kishnani, P.S.; Sun, B. Antibody-mediated enzyme replacement therapy targeting both lysosomal and cytoplasmic glycogen in Pompe disease. J. Mol. Med. 2017, 95, 513–521. [ Google Scholar] [ CrossRef] [ PubMed]Carbone, E.J.; Jiang, T.; Nelson, C.; Henry, N.; Lo, K.W.H. Small molecule delivery through nanofibrous scaffolds for musculoskeletal regenerative engineering. Nanomedicine 2014, 10, 1691–1699. [ Google Scholar] [ CrossRef] [ PubMed][ Green Version] Putz, G., Bertolucci, F., Raabe, T., Zars, T. & Heisenberg, M. The S6KII ( rsk) gene of Drosophila melanogaster differentially affects an operant and a classical learning task. J. Neurosci. 24, 9745–9751 (2004).